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Kandyan commerce raiding against Portugal (1612–13)
The Kandyan naval raid was a series of commerce raidings by the Kingdom of Kandy against the Portuguese empire from 16 May 1612 to 6 March 1613. With the help of Dutch envoy Marcellus de Bochouwer, King Senarat of Kandy commissioned a fleet of 3 war galleys and 3 yachts under the Admiralty of a nephew of Kuruwita Rala, the prince of Uva. They sailed from Koddiyar bay and managed to engage and inflict losses on Portuguese shipping around Ceylon and along the coast line from Cape Comorin to Calicut.
==Background==
After the death of King Vimaladharmasuriya I in 1604, the kingdom of Kandy became politically unstable due to a succession struggle which ultimately resulted in Senarat’s ascension to throne.〔C Gaston Perera p236〕 Senarat who used to be a monk, left priesthood on the request of his cousin, King Vimaladharmasuriya I,〔S.G. Perera p87〕 to be the regent of young Prince Mahastana.〔Baldaeus p57〕 However after the death of Vimaladharmasuriya, Senarat married Dona Catarina, the widow of deceased king and crowned himself as King Senarat of Kandy.〔〔 As an ex-priest he lacked King Vimaladharmasuriya’s military sense and dynamic leadership leaving the kingdom both politically and militarily vulnerable.〔
On the other hand, developments in the other regions of Portuguese Asia kept both Lisbon and Goa temporarily occupied, saving Kandy being an easy target for conquest.〔C Gaston Perera p237〕 Wars of Achem, Malacca〔 and destruction of the fleet of Conde de Feira D Joao Pereyra Frojas with 9000 men in 1608,〔Queyroz p609〕 diverted manpower from Portuguese Ceylon.〔 According to historian Tikiri Abeysinghe, this "balance of weakness" prevented both sides from taking advantage of each other’s weakness.〔C Gaston Perera p238〕
Governor of Ceylon, Dom Jerónimo de Azevedo now resolved to an economic war against Kandy.〔C Gaston Perera p240〕 He occupied the Balana fortalice and biannually made raids deep into Kandyan territory laying waste to the countryside.〔〔S.G. Perera p88-89〕 King Senarat was irresolute and with out mounting a defence fled to interior of the kingdom.〔C Gaston Perera p248〕 After 1609, realizing that Portuguese are determined to conquest Kandy, Senerat actively sought aid from the Dutch.〔 At his request the Dutch sent an envoy, Marcellus de Bochouwer, to negotiate a treaty. He arrived in Kandy on 8 March 1612 and on behalf of States General of Holland he made an agreement "to help the king when his realms were invaded by the Portuguese, in return for a fort at Kottiyar, all assistance for its erection and defence and all facilities and monopoly of trade".〔S.G. Perera p90〕 The state of the Kandy by this time is evident by a claim made by Bochouwer writing to the Dutch Governor of Pulicat "it is not possible that the king can hold out… until the coming year".〔C Gaston Perera p243〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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